Semantic Change Ontology

Formally validated ontology for semantic change event types

Ontology Metadata
Ontology File:
ontologies/semantic-change-ontology-v2.ttl
Event Type Classes:
17 classes
Validation Status:
PASSED Pellet reasoner consistency check
Upper Ontology:
BFO (Basic Formal Ontology) aligned
Academic Citations:
33 citations from 12 papers
Literature Review:
200+ pages of semantic change research
Event Type Classes (17)
Label Definition Citation
Amelioration A semantic change event wherein a term acquires increasingly positive connotations, attitudes, or evaluative associations over time. Jatowt & Duh (2014). Framework for analyzing semantic change. JCDL. Bloomfield (1933) nine classes.
Conceptual Bridge A scholarly contribution that explicitly connects or transfers meaning between different disciplinary contexts, enabling cross-domain semantic evolution. -
Cultural Shift Semantic change driven by external cultural, societal, or technological factors affecting a term's associations rather than its core denotation. Kutuzov et al. (2018). Distinguishes cultural shifts from linguistic drifts.
Decline The process by which a particular sense or meaning of a term becomes progressively less common, eventually reaching obsolescence. Tahmasebi et al. (2021): 'obsolete words slide into obscurity'.
Domain Network The emergence of a domain-specific constellation of meanings and related terms forming a coherent semantic network within a particular field. -
Emergence The introduction of a previously non-existent meaning or sense for a term within a discourse community. Tahmasebi et al. (2021): 'new words are coined or borrowed from other languages'.
Extensional Drift Semantic change affecting the extensional definition of a concept via modifications to its instances, measured via Jaccard similarity of instance sets. Wang et al. (2010, 2011); Stavropoulos et al. (2019). SemaDrift.
Inflection Point A semantic change event characterized by an abrupt, concentrated shift in meaning occurring within a relatively short temporal window. -
Intensional Drift Semantic change affecting the intensional definition of a concept via modifications to its properties, measured via Jaccard similarity of property sets. Wang et al. (2010, 2011); Stavropoulos et al. (2019). SemaDrift.
Label Drift Semantic change affecting the rdfs:label or naming of a concept, measured via string similarity (Monge-Elkan). Wang et al. (2010, 2011); Stavropoulos et al. (2019). SemaDrift.
Lexical Replacement A semantic change process wherein one lexical item supplants another in expressing a particular meaning or concept. Tahmasebi et al. (2021). Lexical replacement patterns.
Pejoration A semantic change event wherein a term acquires increasingly negative connotations, attitudes, or evaluative associations over time. Jatowt & Duh (2014). Framework for analyzing semantic change. JCDL. Bloomfield (1933) nine classes.
Semantic Drift A semantic change process characterized by slow, continuous modification of meaning over an extended temporal interval. Hamilton et al. (2016); Gulla et al. (2010); Stavropoulos et al. (2019).
Sense-Level Change Semantic change measured at the sense level, tracking evolution of specific word meanings or usages identified through clustering. Montariol et al. (2021). Cluster-based sense-level analysis.
Stable Polysemy A semantic state wherein a term maintains multiple distinct, stable meanings across different discourse communities without one meaning dominating or replacing others. Hamilton et al. (2016) discuss polysemy as driver of change; this represents stable state without active change.
Structural Drift Semantic change affecting the structural aspects of an ontology including URIs, class hierarchies, and equivalence relationships. Capobianco et al. (2020). OntoDrift. MEPDaW@ISWC.
Word-Level Change Semantic change measured at the word level, aggregating changes across all senses and usages. Montariol et al. (2021). Scalable and Interpretable Semantic Change Detection. NAACL.
Key Features
  • Formally validated with Pellet reasoner
  • BFO upper ontology alignment
  • Academic citations embedded
  • Comprehensive literature review
  • SKOS definitions and examples
Research Foundation

Event types derived from:

  • Hamilton et al. (2016) - Diachronic embeddings
  • Kutuzov et al. (2018) - Linguistic drift
  • Jatowt & Duh (2014) - Sentiment change
  • Tahmasebi et al. (2021) - Comprehensive survey
  • Stavropoulos et al. (2019) - Ontology drift
  • Capobianco et al. (2020) - Semantic evolution
  • And 6 additional sources...